Doğu Anadolu bölgesinin Erzurum ile birlikte en büyük iki ilinden biri olan Van, aynı zamanda İran'la olan sınırımızın büyük bölümünün geçtiği ve tarihi İpek Yolu'nun önemli bir durağı olan bir şehirdir. Van'ın tarihine dair ilk bulguların milattan önce iki ila üç binli yıllara kadar uzanıyor olması sebepsiz değildir. Orada yaşayanların deniz olarak gördüğü Van Gölü başta olmak üzere akarsuları, bereketli toprakları, tarihin her döneminde stratejik bir öneme sahip olan konumu ile çağlar boyunca pek çok farklı topluma ev sahipliği yapmış Van, bütün bu ilgiyi haklı olarak üzerinde toplamıştır.
Bir dokusu, bir karakteri, benzerlerinden kolaylıkla ayrılmasını sağlayacak belirgin özellikleri olan şehirleri dikkatlice incelediğinizde, hepsinin ortak özelliğinin belli bir tarihe sahip olmaları ve tarih boyunca farklı medeniyetler görmüş olmaları olduğunu fark edebilirsiniz. İnsanlığın ilerlemesinin henüz çok erken çağlarında var olmuş medeniyetler, yerleşim yerlerini seçerken kadim bir bilgeliğe dayanmakta ve çevresel koşulları bu bilgeliğin süzgeciyle değerlendirmekteydiler. Bu yüzden de bu eski medeniyetlerin yerleştiği ve kurduğu şehirlerin hepsi özel şehirlerdir. Anadolu'nun pek çok şehrinin bu nitelikleri taşıdığını söylemek yanlış olmaz. Bu bakımdan çok zengin bir geçmişe ve kültürel birikime sahip bu coğrafyada yaşadığımız için çok şanslı olduğumuz da su götürmez. Öte yandan bazı kentlerin diğerlerinden çok daha önde olduğu da göz ardı edilemeyecek çeşitli verilerle ortadadır. Diyarbakır, Antalya, İzmir, İstanbul gibi şehirlerimiz ve halihazırda konumuz olan Van, bunların arasında ön sıralarda yer tutuyor.
Van'da yer alan tarihi mimari yapılar
Tarihleri ve kimini kısa kimini uzun süre misafir ettikleri medeniyetleri ile zengin olan bu şehirlerin hepsinde çok çarpıcı mimari eserler görebilirsiniz. Bazıları halen ayakta ve çok iyi durumda, bazıları ise henüz toprağın altından çıkarılmamış olsa da, yüz yıllardan süzülmüş bir birikim bu şehirlerin ortak özelliğidir. Milattan önce dokuzuncu yüzyılda Urartu uygarlığı tarafından inşa edilen Van Kalesi, milattan sonra onuncu yüzyılda yapılan ve ortaçağ Ermeni sanatının en üst düzey örnekleri arasında gösterilen Akdamar Kilisesi, Selçuklular döneminde inşa edilen Halime Hatun Kümbeti gibi farklı medeniyetlere ait eserler, Van'da görebileceğiniz çok sayıda tarihi yapı arasında ilk akla gelenlerdir yalnızca.
Geleneksel mimari alt yapı
Bu türden köklü bir tarih ve kültür, doğal olarak yerel halk tarafından da özümsenmiş ve gündelik hayatın bir parçası olarak da kendine yer bulmuştur. Örneğin mimari eserlerin bu kadar önemli bir yer tuttuğu Van'ın kendine ait bir mimari geleneği olmaması şaşırtıcı olurdu. Tek veya iki katlı olarak yapılan, bitişik nizamlı, düz damlı, kerpiç Van evleri, bölgenin iklimine uygun olarak ve yerel kaynaklarla asırlar süren bir gelişim süreciyle şekillenmişlerdir. Ancak dünyanın pek çok yerinde bulunan kerpiç mimarisi örnekleri gibi Van evleri de 20. yüzyılın başından itibaren yok olmaya başlamıştır. Hızlı ve plansız şehirleşme, artan nüfus gibi baskı unsurları ve sınırlı kaynaklardan ötürü onarılamayan, yenilenemeyen evler büyük ölçüde yok olup gitmiştir. Ancak bugün Anadolu'nun pek çok bölgesinde olduğu gibi Van'da da yerel mimariyi tekrar diriltmeye yönelik girişimler başta kamu kurumları olmak üzere çeşitli dernek ve kişilerce yürütülüyor. Van'ın Tuşba Belediyesi tarafından yaptırılan bir sosyal tesis olan "Geleneksel Van Evleri" projesi, Van Gölü'nün kıyısındaki hakim konumu ile yerli ve yabancı turistlerin rağbet ettiği bir proje olmasının yanı sıra genç kuşaklara geleneksel Van mimarisini tanıtma görevini de üstleniyor.
Geleneksel mimarinin, tıpkı yaşamından her alanından farklı geleneklerde olduğu gibi yavaş yavaş ortadan kaybolması, anlaşılması çok kolay bir olgu değildir. Anadolu'daki kentlerin büyük bir çoğunluğu, Avrupa'daki şehirlerden farklı olarak daha ziyade cumhuriyet sonrası dönemde belli bir gelişme düzeyine ulaşmış ve bu gelişim olağanüstü hızlı olmuştur. Hızlı olan her değişim gibi bunun da oldukça yıkıcı sonuçları olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmaz. Bugün İstanbul'un en önemli caddeleri arasında yer alan Fatih ilçesindeki Vatan ve Millet Caddeleri'nin yapımı sırasında sayısız eski Osmanlı eserinin yıkıldığı pek çok kişi tarafından bilinmemektedir. Ancak bu türden hızlı gelişen değişimlerin ve projelerin kentlerin dokusunu tahrip ettiği uzmanlar tarafından yaygın olarak kabul gören bir gerçektir.
Van'ın modern mimari gelişimi
Hızlı dönüşüm aynı zamanda eskinin yerine yeniyi koymakta da çoğu zaman yeterli başarı düzeyini yakalayamaz. Nitekim yok olup giden tarihi Van evlerinin yerini gelişmiş, modern ve planlı bir şehir yerine daha ziyade rastlantısal şekilde ve çok hızlı büyümüş bir Van şehri almıştır. Bu plansız büyümenin yıkıcı sonuçlarını maalesef Ekim 2011'de gerçekleşen 7.2 şiddetindeki büyük Van depreminde yaşamak durumunda kaldık. 600'ün üzerinde vatandaşın hayatını kaybettiği ve binlerce kişinin yaralandığı bu deprem, aynı zamanda şehrin altyapısında ve çeşitli konut alanlarında büyük bir tahribat yarattı.
Seller, kasırgalar, fırtınalar ve depremler gibi felaketler çoğu zaman yıkıcı sonuçlar yaratmakla birlikte, doğru analiz edildiklerinde önemli dönüşümlere de yol açmışlardır. 17 Ağustos depremi, ülke genelinde ciddi bir deprem bilinçlenmesini doğurmuş ve deprem güvenliğine yönelik yasal düzenlemeler bunu izlemişti. Van depremi de yerel ölçekte benzer bir etki yarattı ve bugün Van'da yapı güvenliği çok daha ciddi ele alınan bir konu haline geldi. Herhangi bir inşaata başlanmadan önce zemin etüdü daha detaylı yapılıyor ve daha iyi denetlenmiş, daha sağlıklı binalar ortaya çıkıyor. Türkiye'nin her yerinde devam eden kentsel dönüşüm projelerinden Van da üzerine düşeni fazlasıyla alıyor.
Profesyonel bir mimarla çalışmak neden gerekli?
Çok uzak olmayan bir tarihte büyük bir deprem görmüş bir şehir olarak Van'da iç mimarlar, mimarlar ve mimarlık ofislerine çok daha büyük bir görev düşüyor. Bölgeyi her yönüyle iyi tanıyan, kentin gelişim akslarına hakim, şehir insanının geleneklerini ve ihtiyaçlarını doğru analiz eden mimarlar, Van'ın yeniden yapılanmasında hayati bir rol oynuyorlar.
Van'da ister müstakil bir ev, ister çok katlı bir apartman veya site, isterse de ticari bir bina yapımı olsun, herhangi bir inşaat projesine başlamadan önce mutlaka bölgede faaliyet gösteren mimarlardan yardım almalısınız. Türkiye'nin başka bir bölgesinde tasarlanmış bir projeyi, kendine has pek çok belirleyici özelliği bulunan bu bölgede doğrudan uygulamaya çalışırsanız ciddi sıkıntılar yaşamanız kuvvetli bir ihtimal olacaktır. Hem deniz hem de tatlı su ekosistemlerinden farklı tamamen özgün bir sucul sistemin hakim olduğu dünyanın en büyük sodalı gölüne ev sahipliği yapan bu kentin sıradan bir Doğu Anadolu şehri olduğunu düşünmek son derece yanlış olur. Van'ın diğer Doğu Anadolu şehirlerinden oldukça farklı bir iklimi ve buna paralel çevresel koşulları vardır. Bu koşulları da en iyi bilenler bu bölgede faaliyet yürüten yerel mimarlardır.
Van ve çevresinde hizmet veren profesyonel mimarlara nasıl ulaşabilirim?
Birlikte çalışacağınız mimarınız, gerçekleştireceğiniz proje ne olursa olsun her adımda yanınızda olacak, izinlerin alınmasından itibaren sahadaki çalışmayla projenin teslimine kadar sizin için çalışacaktır. Özellikle eski bir evin dönüşümü ya da aslına uygun tarzda bir Van evi yaptırma gibi bir işe kalkışacaksanız, yörenin mimarisi üzerine çalışmış ve konuyu incelemiş bir mimar veya mimarlık ofisiyle çalışmak sizi hedefinize ulaştırabilecek tek yoldur.
Bölgede sizin isteklerinizi anlayıp hayata geçirecek bir profesyonel mimar arıyorsanız, homify sayfaları aracılığı ile profesyoneller sekmesinden size en yakın uzman mimarları listeleyebilir, onların daha önceki projelerine göz gezdirebilir ve size en uygun profesyonel mimarı seçerek onlarla tek tıkla iletişime geçebilirsiniz.
Mimari projelerin nasıl hayata geçirildiğine ve projelerin nasıl oluşturulduğuna dair Mimari proje nedir? Nasıl çizilir? isimli yazımıza da göz gezdirebilirsiniz.
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moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 1827 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 720 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 1830 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 21 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 366 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 390 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 400 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 274 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 3653 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 395 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 395 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 396 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: Device identifiers
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 366 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Users’ profiles
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 1825 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 25 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration: 396 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 366 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 393 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration: 30 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration: 180 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Precise location data
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 1825 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 914 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 120 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 398 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 728 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration: 180 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 396 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 30 (days).
Data collected and processed: Device characteristics
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics
moreCookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 397 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration: 366 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: Device characteristics
moreDoesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 180 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration: 300 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 180 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 396 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data
moreCookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 60 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 396 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 1825 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 366 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data
moreCookie duration resets each session.
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