Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin nüfus bakımınından en büyük üçüncü ili olan Erzurum, tarihin ilk dönemlerinden bu yana bir yerleşim yeri olmuştur ve bu da oldukça köklü bir kültürel ve mimari mirası bugünlere taşır. Bugün Erzurum denilince herkesin aklına ilk olarak soğuk iklimi ve kışın karlar altındaki zarif ve şık bembeyaz şehir hayatı geliyor. Soğuk iklimi sayesinde kayakla atlamadan snowboarda, biatlondan serbest stil kayağa, curlingden helikopterli kayağa, buz pateninden kızağa hemen her türlü kış sporunun yapılabildiği, Türkiye'nin en büyük ve kapsamlı kış sporları merkezi olan Erzurum'da kar turizmi de bir hayli gelişmiş durumda ve özellikle Palandöken, tüm Türkiye ve dünyanın farklı yerlerinden kış turisti ağırlayan önemli merkezlerden biri.
Bunların yanı sıra, Türkiye'nin en büyük ve köklü üniversitelerinden Atatürk Üniversitesi de Erzurum'da yer alır ve üniversitenin 100 bin civarında öğrencisi bulunmaktadır. Soğuk ve sert geçen iklim koşullarına rağmen oldukça canlı ve hareketli bir şehir yaşantısına sahip olan Erzurum, inşaat ve emlak sektörünün de hızla geliştiği şehirlerimizden biri. Erzurum, yeni ve modern konut projeleri ile her geçen gün daha da genişleyen şehir merkezi ve tatil evleri ve müstakil villalar ile huzurlu ve İskandinav tarzı bir doğal güzellik sunan çevresi ile mimarinin de modern bir anlayış ile uygulandığı büyük şehirlerimizden birisi. Yüzyıllar boyunca süregelen tarihsel mimari kalıntıların da korunduğu Erzurum'da mimari gelenek de bugünün özel tasarımlı yapılarında korunmaya devam ediyor. Bu şehrin dokusuna yerleşmiş köklü mimari kültür sayesinde de Erzurum'da geleneksel tarzda bir ev yaptırmak isteyenler için de, çağdaş bir apartman projesi ya da turistik bir otel tasarımı söz konusu olduğunda da de deneyimli ve işinin ehli bir profesyonel mimarlık firması bulmak mümkün.
Erzurum'un sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel yapısı
750 bin nüfusu ile de oldukça büyük bir ekonomiye sahip olan Erzurum'da, geleneksel olarak kentin ana damarlarından biri olan hayvancılığın yanı sıra bugün çok çeşitli üretim ve ticaret faaliyeti de artarak devam ediyor. Gıdadan çimentoya, petrokimya ürünlerinden metal sanayisine varana kadar ciddi bir üretim faaliyeti ve işçi nüfusunun bulunduğu şehirde, bölgenin en büyük kentlerinden biri olmasıyla da büyümeye devam eden bir ticaret hacmi olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmaz. Tabii ki tüm bunların yanı sıra Atatürk Üniversitesi'nin yerleşik nüfusa kattığı öğrenci nüfusu ve kış sporları ve kayak merkezleri ile yoğun bir şekilde şehri ziyaret eden turist nüfusunun da Erzurum'da bulunması, şehrin hem sosyal olarak, hem ekonomik açıdan, hem de kültürel olarak çok daha hareketli ve canlı hale gelmesine neden oluyor. Bu canlılık haliyle şehrin dokusuna, caddelerine, sokaklarına, evlerine ve iş yerlerine de yansıyor. Şehir yeni semtlerle, yeni nesil donanımlı inşaat şirketleri tarafından hayata geçirilen yeni, çağdaş ve lüks konut projeleri ve ticari projelerle büyümeye devam ediyor. Bu da Doğu Anadolu'nun bu merkez konumundaki şehrinde mimarlık faaliyetini bir hayli öne çıkarıyor.
Eşsiz bir coğrafi, tarihi ve kültürel gelenek
Erzurum kartpostallarında, manzara fotoğraflarında ve bugünlerde daha ziyade Facebook iletilerinde en çok gördüğümüz şey kardır. Kar bu şehrin doğal örtüsü gibidir. Türkiye'nin pek çok yerinde karın yağması, yerde kar tutması olay olurken, Erzurum'da karın varlığı ve kalıcılığı gayet doğal bir durumdur. Ancak bu kar örtüsünün altında aslında inanılmaz cevherler yatar. Oldukça eski ve köklü bir tarihe ve geleneğe sahip olan mimari eserler de bu karın altındaki en önemli cevherler arasında yer alıyor.
Erzurum'un şehir olarak tarihi beşinci yüzyıla kadar uzanıyor olsa da, bugün halen ayakta ve iyi durumda olan en eski mimari eserler ağırlıklı olarak Selçuklu Devleti döneminden kalma kamusal yapılardan oluşuyor. Çift Minareli Medrese, Erzurum Kalesi, Üç Kümbetler ve Çobandede Köprüsü, Selçuklu'dan miras kalan önemli mimari eserler arasında başı çekiyor. Erzurum da aynı zamanda Doğu Roma, Saltuklular gibi diğer medeniyetlerden izlere rastlamak da mümkündür. Bugün şehrin dört bir yanı Osmanlı'nın çeşitli dönemlerinden yapılmış camilerle dolu olsa da, şehrin tarihinde ve az bir kısmı bugüne ulaşmış pek çok kilise de bulunmaktadır. Kendine has bir yerel mimari özellik gösteren ve bu özgünlüğüyle Erzurum evleri olarak bilinen evler de şehrin mimari dokusunun önemli bir parçasıdır.
Geleneksel Erzurum mimarisi
Geleneksel olarak iki katlı müstakil konutlar olarak inşa edilen Erzurum evlerinin ana yapı malzemesi taş olmakla birlikte, ahşap ve toprak da ek olarak bolca kullanılmaktadır. Erzurum evlerinde esas yaşam alanı, mutfak ve başodanın (selamlık) da bulunduğu alt kattır. Isının korunması ve yalıtımın hayati önemde olduğu bir coğrafyada, alt katın daha fazla kullanılmasının gerekçelerinden birinin de bu olduğunu düşünmek yanlış olmaz. Maden işleme kültürünün de oldukça gelişmiş olduğu bir şehir olarak Erzurum evlerinde demir ve bronz işçiliğinin parlak örneklerine rastlamak da mümkündür. Anadolu'nun her köşesinde yerel koşullara, ihtiyaçlara ve yaşam tarzına göre yüzyıllardan süzülerek gelişen yerel mimari gelenekler maalesef bugün büyük oranda terk edilmiş durumda. Her ne kadar yerel mimarinin korunması üzerine çalışan kurum ve kişiler bu uğurda canla başla çalışıyor olsalar da, yerel mimarinin halen hakim mimari olduğu yerlerin sayısı parmakla sayılacak kadar az. Erzurum evleri de yerel mimarinin terk edilip her yerde birbirine benzer tek tip betonarme evlere dönülmesinden nasibini almış olsalar da, bugün Erzurum kent merkezinde ayakta ve iyi durumda olan Erzurum evlerine rastlama şansınız var. Umuyoruz bu köklü ve çarpıcı mimari gelenek tekrar eski güzel günlerine dönecektir.
Bugünün toplumu için uzak ve soğukla birlikte anılan bu kentin çağlar boyunca farklı medeniyetlere ev sahipliği yaptığını, bugün bile bu medeniyetlere ait mimari eserlerin ayakta olduğunu düşününce, mimarinin Erzurum için çok önemli bir çalışma alanı olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmaz. Gerek eski evlerin korunması ve restore edilerek tekrar hayata döndürülmesi, gerekse de yeni nesil konut projeleri için Erzurum gibi tarihi bir kentte bir mimarın desteği olmadan adım atmak potansiyel olarak çok sıkıntılı sonuçlar doğurabilir.
Bölgede bir mimarla çalışmanın avantajları
Mimari gibi sanat ve bilimi birleştiren önemli ve hayati bir alanda, profesyonel olmayan kişilerin anlamsız bir özgüven sergilemesi hemen her durumda onarılması zor sonuçlar yaratır. En iyi ihtimalle ayakta durmayı ancak başarabilen binaların ortaya çıkacağı böylesi süreçler, her şehrin güvenliği ve dokusu için tehdit oluşturur. Ancak Erzurum gibi özel bir iklime, köklü bir tarihe ve bugün belki zor durumda olsa da kente karakterini kazandıran en önemli unsurlardan olan geleneksel bir mimariye sahip olan bir kentte, herhangi bir konut ya da iş yeri projesi, mutlaka bir mimarın rehberliğinde yapılmalıdır.
Erzurum ve benzeri özellikler taşıyan şehirlerde bir diğer önemli konu da mutlaka yerel düzeyde uzmanlaşmış profesyonellerle çalışmaktır. Çok güçlü bir ekibe ve engin bir tecrübeye sahip olsa bile İzmir'de faaliyet gösteren bir firmanın Erzurum'da sağlıklı bir iş yürütmesi çok güçtür. Bu yüzden bu türden şehirlerde mutlaka yerli mimar ve mühendislerle görüşmek, yürütülecek iş için onlara şans tanımak çok önemlidir. Böylece hem kentin kültürel ve mimari dokusunu iyi bilen, şehrin büyüme ve gelişme dinamiklerini yakından takip eden, iklim ve coğrafyayla bizzat içinde yaşayarak haşır neşir olmuş profesyonellerle çok daha doğru ve rahat çalışırsınız, hem de kentin ekonomisine katkıda bulunmuş olursunuz. Adeta doğaya meydan okurcasına yüzlerce yıldır ayakta kalan ve kendini geliştirmeyi başaran bu şehrin kendi imkanlarıyla ürettiği değerleri yine şehrin kendisi için değerlendirmek de sizin de takdir edeceğiniz üzere en doğrusudur.
(Yerel mimari özelliklerin ve bölgesel yapıların önemini vurguladığımız Sosyal tasarım ve mimari
başlıklı yazımız da ilginizi çekebilir.)
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moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 720 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 1830 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 21 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 366 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 390 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 400 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 274 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 3653 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 395 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 395 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 396 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: Device identifiers
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 366 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Users’ profiles
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 1825 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 25 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration: 396 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 366 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 393 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration: 30 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration: 180 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Precise location data
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 1825 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 914 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 120 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 398 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 728 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration: 180 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 396 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 30 (days).
Data collected and processed: Device characteristics
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics
moreCookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 397 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration: 366 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: Device characteristics
moreDoesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 180 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration: 300 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 180 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 396 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 365 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Doesn't use cookies.
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data
moreCookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 90 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 60 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 396 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data
moreCookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 1825 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices
moreCookie duration resets each session.
Cookie duration: 730 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data
moreUses other forms of storage.
Cookie duration: 366 (days).
Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data
moreCookie duration resets each session.
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